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Effective development banking: loans or guarantees?
How should National Development Banks (NDBs) assess the cost-effectiveness of using loans and loan guarantees in order to choose the type of financial instrument most appropriate for each program? We...
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From global to local: Subnational development banks in the era of Sustainable Development Goals
Financing the implementation of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has been a development challenge since the establishment of the 2030 Agenda – especially under the unequal circumstan...
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Financial regulation of national development banks - NDBs
History shows that financial crises have been a significant driver of banking regulation evolution, since the 1930s. Although Basel III made much progress in building a safer and less leveraged system...
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Funding Sources of National Development Banks
Access to large, long-term, and stable funding sources is a prerequisite for achieving the objectives of national development banks (NDBs). By systematically collecting data on the funding sources of...
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Wide Regional Differences in Social Mobility across Mexico
Social mobility is low in Mexico: inequality of wealth is highly persistent across generations; and about half of people from very poor households remain poor throughout their lifetimes. Moreover, acc...
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Inaccurate Public Perceptions of Inequality and Social Mobility in Mexico
Mexico has some of the highest inequality levels and lowest social mobility rates in the world, with a growing distance between high-income individuals and the rest of the population. This social rigi...
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Education, Training, Employment - 2019 Activity Report
Education, lifelong training and access to employment are the cornerstones of more sustainable economic and social development. Despite the progress achieved in enrolling children in school, there...
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Investing in Decent Jobs
AFD has decided to draw up a roadmap to structure its operations aimed at "Investing in decent jobs". AFD supports a wide range of actors by providing funding and strengthening capacities, thanks t...
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Water and Sanitation- 2014-2019 Activity Report
The United Nations recognized the human right to access to water and sanitation in 2010, but there is still much progress to be made: over two billion people do not have access to a quality drinking w...
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Nigeria: Women of big dreams
AFD in Nigeria has always put gender at the center of its projects and reflections. In 2019, AFD’s communication department in Abuja decided to commission a movie on the emancipation of women i...
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The Jobs & Cities Approach
In the countries where AFD operates, cities are key sources of economic and job opportunities, but also places of social and territorial inequalities. It is therefore crucial to implement strategies t...
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The Challenge of psychological well-being in Lebanon
In Lebanon, where mental health is a major public health issue, heightened by the acute economic crisis and the August 4 exposures, AFD is providing support to improve the psychological well-being of...
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Role models and migration intentions
Role models—those individuals who resemble us but have achieved more than us— are thought to impact our aspirations. In this paper, we study the impact of role models on intentions to migrate. Specifi...
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Vietnam: 3 years of partnership to engage young people against climate change
Over the past three years, AFD and the Vietnam Youth Union have carried out various actions to raise awareness among young people about the fight against climate change and encourage them to take acti...
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Hanoi metro: toward a greener city
D’une longueur de 12,5 km, la ligne de métro 3 entre Nhon et la gare de Hanoï jouera un rôle stratégique pour relier la partie occidentale de la capitale au centre-ville et aux zones environnantes, ré...
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Demand-induced transition risks: A systemic approach applied to South Africa
When trying to assess the economic consequences of a transition to a low carbon economy, it might seem reasonable to concentrate on the sectors using carbon-intensive technologies and thus emitting im...
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The Impact of Taxes and Transfers on Poverty and Income Distribution in South Africa 2014/2015
This paper applies the Commitment to Equity (CEQ) Assessment Framework to the 2014/15 Living Conditions Survey for South Africa to analyse the progressivity of the main tax and social spending program...
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Evaluation of the FISONG mechanism
As a specific mechanism for financing and supporting innovation-focused projects, the FISONG (Facilité d'innovation sectorielle pour les organisations non gouvernementales, or Sectoral Inn...
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What policies should be implemented to promote agro-ecological intensification and reduce inequalities in the ...
In the north of the peanut basin, the arid climate limits the efficiency of fertilization too much for it to be relevant to intensify grain production. It is more legitimate to support the groundnut s...
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Poverty and inequalities in the peanut basin of Senegal: implications and recommendations
In 2016, nearly 90% of households in the Senegalese peanut basin lived below the national poverty line. However, when looking at the situation through the prism of inequalities, the importance of the...
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